超大(da)型壁(bi)板類零件(jian)是大(da)飛機(ji)研制中(zhong)采用的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)結構(gou)之一(yi)，多用于(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)飛機(ji)的(de)(de)機(ji)翼(yi)或地板等。超大(da)型壁(bi)板由于(yu)(yu)(yu)尺寸巨大(da)，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)去(qu)除率很高(gao)，對(dui)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)變形進行控制是非(fei)常(chang)(chang)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。本文結合實際，提出了一(yi)種整(zheng)體(ti)控制超大(da)型壁(bi)板類零件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)變形的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝方法(fa)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)提高(gao)大(da)型壁(bi)板類零件(jian)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量和效率具有非(fei)常(chang)(chang)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)意義。

國產(chan)大(da)(da)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)機是我國航空工業(ye)現在(zai)和(he)未來重要(yao)的(de)發(fa)展方向之(zhi)一，大(da)(da)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)機的(de)研制需要(yao)相關高、精(jing)、尖(jian)技術的(de)支撐。超(chao)大(da)(da)型(xing)壁(bi)板(ban)類(lei)零件是指在(zai)大(da)(da)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)機中普遍(bian)采用(yong)的(de)尺(chi)寸超(chao)大(da)(da)（長(chang)度方向達到20m）的(de)整體壁(bi)板(ban)零件，這種零件具有尺(chi)寸大(da)(da)、結構復雜、精(jing)度要(yao)求高的(de)特點，成為(wei)大(da)(da)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)機結構件制造的(de)難點之(zhi)一。

超大型壁板(ban)類(lei)零件一般具有(you)異(yi)型孔(kong)、加(jia)(jia)強筋條(tiao)等(deng)整體結構(gou)(gou)，由于(yu)尺寸精度(du)要(yao)求較(jiao)高(gao)，大多采(cai)用數(shu)控(kong)加(jia)(jia)工的(de)手段完(wan)成制造(zao)。我國(guo)國(guo)產大飛(fei)機研制中采(cai)用了超大型壁板(ban)類(lei)零件的(de)結構(gou)(gou)，其精度(du)要(yao)求如下：腹(fu)板(ban)和(he)筋條(tiao)厚度(du)公差為(wei)±0.15mm，筋條(tiao)高(gao)度(du)公差為(wei)±0.2mm，壁板(ban)外(wai)表面(mian)貼平臺(tai)，翹曲不(bu)大于(yu)5mm，不(bu)允許有(you)鼓動。對(dui)于(yu)超大型整體結構(gou)(gou)件的(de)加(jia)(jia)工而言，要(yao)滿(man)足(zu)以(yi)上(shang)精度(du)要(yao)求，必須要(yao)有(you)科學合理的(de)加(jia)(jia)工變形控(kong)制技術，以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)加(jia)(jia)工的(de)要(yao)求。

本文對超(chao)大(da)型壁(bi)(bi)板類(lei)零(ling)件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)形控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術進行研究，采用了整(zheng)(zheng)體變(bian)形控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，并(bing)在實(shi)際加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中驗證了這種整(zheng)(zheng)體變(bian)形控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，能(neng)夠很(hen)好地(di)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)大(da)型壁(bi)(bi)板類(lei)零(ling)件(jian)的變(bian)形，總體加工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度達到了0.2mm，取得(de)了很(hen)好的效果，具有重要的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)推廣應(ying)用價值。

整體加工變形控制(zhi)工藝方法

1整體加(jia)工變形控制(zhi)流程

對超大(da)型壁(bi)板類零件(jian)的(de)(de)整體(ti)工藝(yi)進行分析(xi)，其毛坯(pi)采用全尺(chi)寸(cun)的(de)(de)大(da)型預拉伸鋁合金板材，最終形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“一(yi)(yi)面光(guang)面、一(yi)(yi)面結構(gou)”的(de)(de)非(fei)對稱整體(ti)壁(bi)板類零件(jian)，一(yi)(yi)般情(qing)況下，材料去(qu)(qu)除率達到95%左右。預拉伸鋁合金板材在加工過(guo)程中形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)加工變形(xing)主(zhu)要是由(you)于殘余應(ying)力釋放造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，特別是尺(chi)寸(cun)超大(da)型的(de)(de)結構(gou)件(jian)，在大(da)去(qu)(qu)除率的(de)(de)加工過(guo)程中，如(ru)果不(bu)能很好地處(chu)理殘余應(ying)力釋放的(de)(de)問題，容(rong)易造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)零件(jian)加工過(guo)程中及加工后(hou)的(de)(de)大(da)變形(xing)，從(cong)而導致尺(chi)寸(cun)超差或者產品不(bu)滿足要求而報廢(fei)。

如(ru)圖(tu)1所(suo)示，結合超大(da)型壁板類(lei)零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)設置了如(ru)下的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)控制整(zheng)(zheng)體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)包括：大(da)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)開槽腔(qiang)(qiang)、定(ding)位(wei)面(mian)(mian)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、自然(ran)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)、真空裝(zhuang)夾、在線測量(liang)(liang)(liang)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等。其中大(da)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)開槽腔(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)主要作用是釋放毛坯殘(can)余(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)，該工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)不形(xing)(xing)成特(te)征(zheng)尺寸(cun)，主要是通過(guo)快速去(qu)除大(da)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)材料來釋放毛坯本身的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)余(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)，是控制變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)；定(ding)位(wei)面(mian)(mian)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和自然(ran)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)是釋放粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殘(can)余(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)，進(jin)(jin)一步釋放殘(can)余(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)，這一工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)已形(xing)(xing)成均布余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件毛坯，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之自然(ran)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)作用，更加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)容易控制加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)。真空裝(zhuang)夾和在線測量(liang)(liang)(liang)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)準備，真空裝(zhuang)夾是一種保(bao)證零(ling)件穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)夾方式，通過(guo)在線測量(liang)(liang)(liang)獲得經過(guo)粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和自然(ran)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化情況，從而(er)調整(zheng)(zheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，以保(bao)證特(te)征(zheng)尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度，準備完成后(hou)就(jiu)進(jin)(jin)行精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)來完成壁板的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

以上流程貫(guan)徹超大型壁板(ban)類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)每一個工(gong)序，每一工(gong)序都考慮(lv)了釋放應力(li)和(he)均布(bu)應力(li)以控制零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，無論在不形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)特征尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)序還(huan)是(shi)在控制尺寸(cun)精度的(de)(de)精加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)序，都把變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)控制作為零(ling)(ling)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)內(nei)容進行分析和(he)考慮(lv)，從而達(da)到整體(ti)控制加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)效果，控制加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)保證零(ling)(ling)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)精度的(de)(de)首要(yao)因素。

2釋放毛坯殘余應力

超(chao)大(da)型(xing)(xing)壁板類(lei)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)毛坯(pi)采用大(da)型(xing)(xing)預(yu)拉伸鋁合金(jin)板材，毛坯(pi)整體重(zhong)量(liang)可達到(dao)(dao)5~6t，在(zai)存放及運輸過程中，由于振動、溫度變化等(deng)因素的(de)影響(xiang)，毛坯(pi)本身容易產生很(hen)(hen)大(da)的(de)變形(xing)(xing)，對(dui)裝夾定位帶(dai)來(lai)很(hen)(hen)大(da)的(de)影響(xiang)。如(ru)一塊19000mm×1500mm×75mm的(de)毛坯(pi)經過存放、運輸后(hou)，變形(xing)(xing)量(liang)最大(da)達到(dao)(dao)8mm，呈現“拱起(qi)”的(de)狀態，使(shi)得(de)零(ling)件(jian)無法裝夾到(dao)(dao)平臺上去。因此(ci)，對(dui)毛坯(pi)的(de)變形(xing)(xing)進行處理是(shi)非常重(zhong)要和必要的(de)。

如圖(tu)2所示，采用大(da)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)去(qu)除(chu)余(yu)(yu)料(liao)(liao)對毛(mao)坯(pi)進行開槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式來(lai)消(xiao)除(chu)毛(mao)坯(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形，根據(ju)零件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構特征，在(zai)保(bao)證加工(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下，去(qu)除(chu)毛(mao)坯(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)余(yu)(yu)料(liao)(liao)部分達到毛(mao)坯(pi)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)40%左(zuo)右。大(da)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)去(qu)除(chu)余(yu)(yu)料(liao)(liao)后，毛(mao)坯(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘余(yu)(yu)應力(li)得到很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)釋放，零件(jian)變(bian)形減少，控制在(zai)1mm左(zuo)右，而且(qie)(qie)毛(mao)坯(pi)重(zhong)量(liang)大(da)大(da)降低，降低了零件(jian)翻面等(deng)操作帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)困難。大(da)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)去(qu)除(chu)余(yu)(yu)料(liao)(liao)對機床和刀具沒有(you)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，而且(qie)(qie)加工(gong)效率較(jiao)高，不僅解決了毛(mao)坯(pi)變(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，而且(qie)(qie)提高了零件(jian)加工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整體效率。

3粗加工

粗(cu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)保留精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量3mm的(de)要求下，形(xing)成(cheng)零件的(de)基本輪廓，零件的(de)基本結(jie)構(gou)已經(jing)形(xing)成(cheng)。經(jing)粗(cu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后，對零件進行48h自(zi)然時效(xiao)，充分(fen)釋(shi)放應力(li)。粗(cu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)要是(shi)為了消(xiao)除(chu)零件結(jie)構(gou)特征帶來的(de)應力(li)釋(shi)放而造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)變形(xing)，粗(cu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后的(de)余(yu)量要滿足(zu)精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)要求并保證精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)去除(chu)余(yu)量后不會造(zao)成(cheng)大的(de)變形(xing)，根(gen)據結(jie)構(gou)特點的(de)不同，一般將(jiang)粗(cu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量設置為3~5mm。

經過粗開毛(mao)坯和粗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)后，零(ling)件毛(mao)坯的(de)殘余應(ying)力(li)90%以上都得到了(le)釋放和均布(bu)，并(bing)形成了(le)以零(ling)件理論尺寸為基礎(chu)、均布(bu)3~5mm余量的(de)“模坯”，在這種情況下(xia)，才(cai)能滿足精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)要求，在小余量精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)環(huan)境下(xia)才(cai)能保證(zheng)零(ling)件的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精度。

4精加工準備

粗加(jia)工(gong)結束后，對零件進行自然(ran)時效(xiao)，然(ran)后進行真空裝(zhuang)夾。由于零件長度(du)方(fang)向(xiang)沿(yan)(yan)毛坯的纖維(wei)方(fang)向(xiang)，在(zai)毛坯出去余料及粗加(jia)工(gong)過程中，切削方(fang)向(xiang)也主要是沿(yan)(yan)纖維(wei)方(fang)向(xiang)，所以在(zai)零件長度(du)方(fang)向(xiang)變形量(liang)稍大，為滿足(zu)精(jing)度(du)要求需在(zai)精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)前進行判(pan)斷并調整精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)。

如圖3所示，應(ying)用在線測量技術在機床(chuang)工(gong)位上對零件兩端進行在線檢測，測量粗加工(gong)效果，為(wei)精加工(gong)做準備[1]。根據實(shi)際零件的伸(shen)長(chang)或縮短(duan)(duan)的變(bian)形(xing)量，預判最(zui)后零件的變(bian)形(xing)情況(kuang)，再(zai)相應(ying)調(diao)整加工(gong)兩端的偏移量，以達(da)到(dao)(dao)對零件最(zui)終零件伸(shen)長(chang)或縮短(duan)(duan)量的控制(zhi)。實(shi)際加工(gong)過程中通(tong)過該方式將最(zui)大(da)的伸(shen)長(chang)或縮短(duan)(duan)的變(bian)形(xing)0.5mm控制(zhi)到(dao)(dao)0.2mm以內，達(da)到(dao)(dao)了比較(jiao)好的效果。

5精加工工藝

通(tong)過(guo)精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)將形(xing)成零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最終尺(chi)寸，因此精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程是非常重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由(you)于零(ling)件(jian)(jian)尺(chi)寸巨大，而且結構相對(dui)(dui)較復(fu)(fu)雜，所以在精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中要對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)藝進(jin)行科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置。如圖4所示，分(fen)別對(dui)(dui)某局部結構進(jin)行加(jia)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等效(xiao)分(fen)析，單向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)容(rong)易造成零(ling)件(jian)(jian)應(ying)力“推(tui)積”而造成變(bian)(bian)形(xing)積聚(ju)。對(dui)(dui)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順序(xu)進(jin)行調整安排(pai)，采(cai)用往(wang)復(fu)(fu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)能夠(gou)很好地均化應(ying)力而減少(shao)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)，其(qi)效(xiao)果(guo)是非常明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此制定精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝時，采(cai)用“局部往(wang)復(fu)(fu)、總體無序(xu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)方式(shi)，把零(ling)件(jian)(jian)分(fen)為幾個區(qu)域(yu)，區(qu)域(yu)內采(cai)用往(wang)復(fu)(fu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，區(qu)域(yu)間采(cai)用對(dui)(dui)稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順序(xu)，從(cong)而減少(shao)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)。

另外，超大型壁板(ban)類零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)長徑(jing)比很大，加工(gong)過(guo)程中容易造成零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)側(ce)(ce)彎，導致真空泄漏，零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)反(fan)彈，從而造成零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加工(gong)超差。所以(yi)控(kong)制零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的側(ce)(ce)彎也是非(fei)常重要的，為保證加工(gong)的穩定性(xing)，在加工(gong)過(guo)程中采用(yong)多(duo)個限(xian)位插(cha)銷定位零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的方式來(lai)防(fang)止(zhi)側(ce)(ce)彎。

加工變形控制效果

以上結合工(gong)(gong)程實踐對(dui)超大(da)型壁(bi)板(ban)的變(bian)形(xing)問題進行了分析，并提出了一套加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)變(bian)形(xing)整體控制工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)方法。超大(da)型壁(bi)板(ban)類零(ling)件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)變(bian)形(xing)整體控制工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)方法的思路是把變(bian)形(xing)控制貫穿于(yu)整個加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)中去，從(cong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)編程到(dao)現場加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)控制，全(quan)過(guo)程地(di)有針(zhen)對(dui)性地(di)調(diao)整工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)方法，通過(guo)應用(yong)在線測(ce)量(liang)等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)檢測(ce)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)結果(guo)，分析加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的變(bian)形(xing)量(liang)并反饋于(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，從(cong)而形(xing)成加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)閉環(huan)系統。

全(quan)過程(cheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)變(bian)(bian)形控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)思路適(shi)用于(yu)(yu)尺寸大(da)、結構復雜、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)周期長、造價昂貴的(de)(de)(de)結構件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，對于(yu)(yu)此(ci)類(lei)零件(jian)而(er)言(yan)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)變(bian)(bian)形控制(zhi)直(zhi)接(jie)決定了(le)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)結果(guo)。對于(yu)(yu)大(da)飛機(ji)研(yan)制(zhi)而(er)言(yan)，超大(da)型(xing)壁板類(lei)零件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度有非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)，所以控制(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)變(bian)(bian)形是(shi)非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)控制(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)變(bian)(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)法也(ye)是(shi)具有重要(yao)意義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)。

實踐生產表(biao)明，零(ling)件長度(du)達(da)到(dao)19m左(zuo)右(you)的(de)超大型(xing)壁板類零(ling)件應用整體加(jia)工(gong)變形控制(zhi)的(de)工(gong)藝，變形問(wen)題得到(dao)了很(hen)好的(de)解決，零(ling)件整體加(jia)工(gong)精度(du)達(da)到(dao)0.2mm左(zuo)右(you)，達(da)到(dao)了大飛機(ji)研制(zhi)的(de)要求，這種加(jia)工(gong)變形控制(zhi)方(fang)法也有很(hen)好的(de)推(tui)廣(guang)應用價值。

結束語

本文研究了(le)超大(da)(da)型壁(bi)(bi)板類零(ling)件加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)形的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術，從(cong)整體上考慮零(ling)件加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)形控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，從(cong)毛坯處理(li)、粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)到精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)采(cai)取合理(li)措施控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)零(ling)件變(bian)形，保(bao)證零(ling)件的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度。超大(da)(da)型壁(bi)(bi)板類零(ling)件加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)形控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術全面考慮了(le)零(ling)件加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)形控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)每一工(gong)(gong)(gong)序，這(zhe)種加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)形的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)具有(you)很好的(de)(de)推廣應用價值，在其(qi)他大(da)(da)型結構(gou)件加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中這(zhe)種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)能(neng)保(bao)證零(ling)件的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度和性(xing)能(neng)。該技(ji)術的(de)(de)研究應用對我國大(da)(da)飛(fei)機的(de)(de)研制(zhi)(zhi)具有(you)重要意義。